前提

django默认不支持websocket，需要安装组件：

shell
pip install channels daphne

• 在较新版本的Django框架下还需要安装daphne

配置

注册channels

Python
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "daphne",
    "channels",
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "web.apps.WebConfig"
]

在settings.py中添加 asgi_application

Python
ASGI_APPLICATION = "ws_demo.asgi.application"

修改asgi.py文件

Python
import os
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter

from . import routing

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'ws_demo.settings')

# application = get_asgi_application()

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    "http": get_asgi_application(),
    "websocket": URLRouter(routing.websocket_urlpatterns),
})

在settings.py的同级目录创建 routing.py

Python
from django.urls import re_path

from app01 import consumers

websocket_urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'ws/(?P<group>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]

在app目录下创建 consumers.py，编写处理处理websocket的业务逻辑。

Python
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer


class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
    def websocket_connect(self, message):
        # 有客户端来向后端发送websocket连接的请求时，自动触发。
        # 服务端允许和客户端创建连接。
        self.accept()

    def websocket_receive(self, message):
        # 浏览器基于websocket向后端发送数据，自动触发接收消息。
        print(message)
        self.send("不要回复不要回复")
        # self.close()

    def websocket_disconnect(self, message):
        # 客户端与服务端断开连接时，自动触发。
        print("断开连接")
        raise StopConsumer()

启动效果

• 传统启动:

• 实现了WebSocket启动:

学习视频